My Mentoring Account In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay

My Mentoring Account In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay This is my intelligent record of my presentation as a tutor in clinical setting, surveying the learning condition and the procedures utilized for educating and evaluating an understudy nurture. I have been coaching understudy and recently qualified theater expert for a long time as an enlisted nurture for over 20 years and as a certified sedative specialist for a long time. Working close by with various guides in the past assistance me to comprehend the various attributes of being a tutor and built up my own style of encouraging learning inside a clinical setting. I have one of a kind experienced of passing on information to others in a manner that is fathomable and critical through my work as a multi-gifted theater professional. Since this task is an impression of my presentation in coaching and evaluating an understudy in nursing practice, Gibbs intelligent cycle (1998) will be utilized a similar model I utilized when I did my University post graduate course 3 years prior. As of now the medical clinic has program of tutoring college understudies and recently graduates. The program is notwithstanding the current program that acclimate understudies and new alumni to the theater they will be alloted. It considers impacting the understudies learning experience by mentorship and appraisal. The careful setting as a learning situation will be analyzed and the responsibility and estimation of the job of a tutor will be viewed at. At long last, the general execution of tutoring will be assessed. To follow the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC2008) names will be changed and retained classified data and the understudy will be named as my mentee. As per the NMC (2006) understudies on NMC endorsed pre-enlistment nursing course be required to be bolstered and evaluated by a tutor. The medical attendants/working division experts chose to be guides ought to be in the register and ought to be required to be in the know regarding their aptitudes, information and skills with congruity. On the principal day of my mentee directly after her direction, we have drawn up her learning openings so that there was an attention to what my mentee wanted to pick up from the working performance center understanding. As a major aspect of the course work one instructing meeting and one appraisal were orchestrated. Encouraging meeting incorporates casual and formal. The conventional meeting occurred in the venue working room and included situating of patients before medical procedure. My mentee was on her first clinical situation and isn't comfortable and no experience inside a performance center setting. Present during the strategy were myself, my mentee, the remainder of the performance center group and an oblivious patient under general sedation. Before any learning exercise occurred, it is significant to manufacture a successful working relationship with the understudy (Bally, J, 2007). Being caring to her and offering help for any necessities she may have. My mentee feel that she is a piece of the group and that she wont feel alone. I develop her certainty by communicating to her that anytime of the instructing meeting in the event that she didn't comprehend a convention, or why things were done, or why that thing is significant, I will be there to clarify and direct her. Student must be caused to feel that they are welcome and significant; thusly will help the student to join themselves into the clinical condition (Welsh and Swan 2006). Being agreeable and well disposed I was empowered to keep up a trusting and agreeable relationship valuable to learning. My understudy felt that my character has a solid expert relationship all through the learning experience. As indicated by the understudy I am tutoring with, the relationship decreased her pressure and tension which can influence her capacity to learn. Nervousness in understudies happen to lessened when the tutors are equipped for building great working relationship with the understudies for nearly their whole arrangement (Slevin 2005). Transparently inviting and perceiving my understudy in the group give her a feeling of esteemed as an individual bringing about a constructive outcome on their confidence. Individual properties of the guide is in some cases the main boundary while making compelling le arning experience. You should be a decent good example to be a decent tutor. At the point when I was a nursing understudy in my own nation, I had coaches who were acceptable good examples where I found out more and allowed to share my thoughts and feel that I was esteemed. The outcomes were I made the most of my arrangement and exceeded expectations in my learning results. To be a fruitful tutor, it is significant that you will discover approaches to improve the learning condition. It very well may be a troublesome errand while making reasonable condition and can influence the learning experience. Nursing understudies has various foundations. Some had great experience working in a social insurance setting as medicinal services associate before entering to University while some just went directly to select a nursing course; along these lines, it is important to make a fitting domain for every person to exploit the learning procedure (Lowenstein and Bradshaw 2004). The setting for the proper learning meeting was requesting as my mentee was not comfortable working in a clinic theater based condition. The picked area was where it is situated at the most disconnected zone to limit interference. This will guarantee that my understudy will give her complete consideration during the educating meeting. Assessment of the learning procedure and appraisal of the adequacy of the meeting will assist me with achieving by great arranging of showing meeting Hinchcliffe (2004). Various encouraging meetings occurred before appraisal was done to ensure that my mentee will feel certain and picked up the fundamental information and aptitudes to complete the method. We included each other through direct addressing, conversation and perception and my mentee is completely mindful that she has been evaluated at the hour of addressing. I considered in which the way my mentee learns as it is essential to perceive her learning style with the goal that it tends to be fused to the learning material to encourage powerful learning (McNair et al 2007). Perceiving her individual learning style encourages me to mastermind her learning inclinations. As indicated by Kolb (1984) there are four particular styles of learning or inclinations which depend on four phases, veering, absorbing, meeting and obliging learning styles. Despite the fact that guide and student has distinctive learning styles the NMC (2006) has built up a standard which point out that coaches need to endeavor and accomplish best fit practice with the level and sort of students that they happened upon in preparing as tutors and students has diverse learning styles. It was felt that my mentee is a reflector as she jumps at the chance to be given sufficient chance to thoroughly consider things before coming to resolution. She additionally prefers to see as opposed to coordinate investment and delayed to decide and arrive at a choice rather than her as great in tuning in and absorbing data. Hence the veering learning style was applied for most ideal learning. On an assortment of events, plainly my mentee is acceptable in viewing a strategy before performing it. Preceding the beginning of any meeting, together we made appropriate visual checks and verbal questionings to the patient and noted in the pre-usable agenda. I brought up that affirming the patients right subtleties is of fundamental significance and one of the numerous security issues she needs to consider. Realizing that we have the right individual and the right method, my mentee disclosed to me that she is upbeat and certain to continue. Careful room office is one of the most distressin g condition in the emergency clinic, therefore, we give our understudy a confirmation and bolster that they need from us. While doing the security situating of patient before medical procedure, I was conversing with my mentee through the method bit by bit as I put the patient under sedation, intubating and situating the patient for a methodology. Various inquiries followed to test my mentees comprehension of the procedure and she effectively organized the request for bit by bit strategy. In this evaluation, my mentee exhibited hypothetically her capacity to incorporate to the group to give protected and compelling consideration to the patient. It was likewise felt that my mentee was learning in an andragogical way, the showing strategies for grown-up students, a term utilized by Knowles (1970). This became evident whenever drawing up her learning openings. As the proper meeting included not just my mentee it was felt that every unique sort of the learning styles ought to be consider as each understudy had their own styles of learning. Acknowledging what the individual characters and needs is significant for figuring out how to be viable. Various media materials were utilized for educating as this sort of learning helps can accelerate learning using assorted faculties (Neeraja 2008).It is obvious that gathering work permitted the understudy to create a working relationship and desire and it made the learning condition pleasant and gives me a more noteworthy understanding into various learning styles while doing it inside a gathering. A kept in touch with self-evaluation followed the meeting to help my understudy to survey her qualities and shortcomings. This style of evaluation can be important for the understudies as when they surveyed themselves can at times center around a negative or impediment. This allows me to exhort and address the shortcoming and help to bring up positive parts of my mentees practice (Welsh and Swann 2006). I advised my mentee that she needs to improve her self-assurance to settle on a fast protected choice previously and during a system. I additionally called attention to certain worries on her training archive forgetting about it to the latest possible time and be sufficiently emphatic to get it filled in at an ordinary stretches. Additionally talked about was her advancement and on the other hand how she instructed she was doing. At this p

Aristotle on the Soul Essay

Aristotle’s idea varies from the standard origination of a spirit as a type of substance possessing the body, existing independently and endlessly. To him, the spirit is the quintessence of a living thing. The spirit is the thing that makes a life form a life form at all by completing its potential forever, and it’s established by its ability for exercises basic to that particular sort of being. His examination concerning the idea of the spirit shows fundamental standards of his philosophical hypotheses at work, including Hylomorphism, probability and fact, and his four causes. His utilization of these speculations in breaking down and coaxing out the complexities of the spirit make for a firm and extensive investigation, effectively amiable with his different works. In this paper I will examine his thought of the spirit as depicted in De Anima, describing how he came to characterize the spirit, the clarification of the spirit, how the spirits of various types of ensouled creatures contrast, and his one of a kind idea of how the spirit is identified with the body. Aristotle starts Book 1 of De Anima by expressing that since the spirit is a standard of creatures, and here I will decipher creatures to mean all the more extensively creatures, portraying its substance has suggestions past its undeniable degree. In unfurling the idea of the spirit, it is conceivable to figure out which credits have a place with the spirit alone and which have a place with the life form in uprightness of having a spirit (Aristotle, De Anima 402a). So next to investigating the idea of life, his examination will likewise look to respond to the topic of whether every single mental condition (of the spirit) are additionally material conditions of the body, or whether a few properties of the spirit are exceptional to it. In doing as such, we are stood up to with the fascinating ramifications of Aristotle’s position on the psyche/body issue, to which I will get to later on. Coming back to the current inquiry (what is the spirit? ), Aristotle begins his examination by utilization of his logical hypothesis of Hylomorphism, which expresses that substances are mixes of issue and structure, and change happens when structure completes matter (Shields). There are three sorts of substances; structure, matter, and the compound of structure and matter. Matter is probability and structure is fact. Structure realizes matter, which has the possibility to be what it is. So utilizing Aristotle’s case of a bronze sculpture, the issue, for this situation the bronze, possibly completes it’s capability of being a sculpture when it gets the structure, or the shape and highlights. Of intrigue is the third sort of substance, mixes, which make up living creatures. The body is the substance as issue, so the spirit is the substance as structure or shape. Here we get to Aristotle’s starter meaning of the spirit as the reality of a characteristic body having life conceivably (Aristotle, De Anima 412). It is in goodness of this structure, the spirit, that makes a life form alive. Without the spirit, the body would just have the limit with respect to life conceivably, thus the spirit is the quintessence (the type) of living things. This starter definition is made a stride further when Aristotle distinguishes the spirit as the â€Å"first fact of a characteristic body that is conceivably alive† (Aristotle, De Anima 412a). He guarantees that the reality that is the spirit resembles the fact that is information, in that we discuss it in two different ways. We can recognize a condition of knowing x and a condition of taking care of the information on x, where the last is a greater amount of a functioning procedure. The aloof of condition of realizing x is the main fact, first since it should fundamentally come before joining in or recollecting that information I. e. potential goes before real. Essentially, the spirit of a resting individual resembles the aloof express, the main reality, while the spirit of an alert individual resembles the dynamic state. The spirit must be the primary fact, for if not we would be compelled to state a resting creature comes up short on a spirit, an end we would prefer not to make (Aristotle, De Anima 412a-412b). First reality appears to relate to an ability to take part in the action of the subsequent fact, and along these lines is a sort of potential to practice some capacity, similar to the capacity to participate in thought. Aristotle clarifies when he expresses that, â€Å"If the eye, for example, were a creature, sight would be its soul† (Aristotle, De Anima 412b). Sight is the limit of the eye for seeing, where sight is the structure and the eye is the issue. The primary reality is the limit with respect to seeing, and the subsequent fact is seeing, effectively practicing the potential capacity. So it appears that past characterizing the spirit as the ‘first fact of a characteristic body that is possibly alive’, we can say the spirit is a lot of limits that describe living things. These trademark limits are distinctive in various creatures, and we will see that it is by these that Aristotle makes his progression of ensouled creatures or the degrees of spirits. I will come back to this differentiation later in this paper, while depicting how the spirits of various ensouled creatures contrast. Now we have a meaning of the spirit, yet as Aristotle worries all through his different works, we should decide the reason or clarification so as to genuinely get a handle on the quintessence, and along these lines get at complete image of his perspective on the spirit. The definition simply given clarifies the what, yet a full record must clarify the why. He states in the Physics, â€Å"for our request focuses on information; and we think we know something just when we discover the motivation behind why it is along these lines, I. . , when we locate its essential cause† (Aristotle, Physics 194b). His measures for a satisfactory definition, one that is adequate for information, lay on his hypothesis of causation and clarification. The four causes incorporate the material reason, formal reason, proficient motivation, and last reason. Material reason is the thing that something is made of, the proper reason is the structure or example of which a thing is the thing that it is, the effective motivation alludes to the operator of progress or rest, and the last reason is the planned reason for the change or the motivation behind why a thing is done (Shields). We should, consequently, decide why the spirit is the thing that it is in temperance of these four general causes. The spirit is the rule and the reason for the living body, for it is in excellence of the spirit that the body is alive, and in this way it assumes a logical job. It is the reason for the living body in three of the four different ways, as â€Å"the wellspring of movement, as what something is for, and as the substance of ensouled bodies†(Aristotle, De Anima 415), relating to the effective motivation, the last reason, and the proper reason individually. It is the wellspring of movement in that it causes development and rot in the life form. The spirit is likewise the reason for the living body by being the last reason, as the body is only an organ for the spirit, focused on the spirit. Lastly, the spirit is the proper reason for the living body for it causes life by being the structure and reality of what is conceivably. The body makes up the fourth reason, the material reason, by being the issue that makes up a living being (Aristotle, De Anima 415). I will utilize Aristotle’s case of the idea of a house as depicted in Book One, when he is talking about the significance of structure, so as to more readily outline the need for investigation of an idea under his hypothesis of causation and clarification. To just characterize a house as stones, blocks, and timbers, isn't to catch its full substance. A house is stones, blocks, and timbers (material reason), incorporated with an encased structure (formal reason), designed together by a woodworker (proficient purpose), so as to give cover from the components (last reason). We can depict the what, however moving along without any more insights concerning the clarification, we don’t truly know the idea of a house. Essentially the spirit is the reason, it gives the clarification for, the existence exercises of a living body. Now Aristotle’s idea of the spirit is very clear; it is the primary fact of a characteristic body that is possibly alive, it is a lot of capacities with respect to nurturing and characterizing exercises of living beings, and it is the structure, the wellspring of movement, and the methods (it coordinates) as far as possible of the living body. Spirits of various living creatures are separated by their abilities to take part in the exercises normal for that sort of living being, which involve their job and endurance. It is these separating resources that make up the spirit. Among these resources are the nutritive and conceptive, keen, train, and the limit with regards to thought and comprehension. Aristotle claims, â€Å"the soul is the guideline of the possibilities we have mentionedâ€for sustenance, discernment, comprehension, and motionâ€and is characterized by them† (Aristotle, De Anima 413). There are three kinds of spirits, orchestrated in a settled chain of importance, so the ownership of a higher soul involves ownership of all that are beneath it. The least, or generally fundamental, in this pecking order is the nutritive soul. Every single living thing have the limit with respect to self-sustenance, for without this they would not live. Next is the delicate soul, which is had distinctly by creatures. The most noteworthy kind of soul is the discerning soul, having a place just with people. These three spirits are separated by their capacity, relating to the ensouled being in control of the spirit with the ability to practice that work. While the creature soul has the nutritive and the delicate, and the human spirit the sound also, every ha except one bound together soul with a different arrangements of limits (Shields). The nutritive soul is the probability held by every living thing to save it and prepare it forever. The capacity of this spirit is the utilization of sustenance and age, or proliferation. Age is the most common capacity, as it is a methods professionally being to partake later on (the â€Å"everlasting and divineâ

Ruling out Conditions for a Mental Health Diagnosis

Ruling out Conditions for a Mental Health Diagnosis Basics Print Ruling Out Conditions for a Mental Health Diagnosis By Amy Morin, LCSW facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our editorial policy Amy Morin, LCSW Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 18, 2020 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 03, 2020 izusek / E / Getty Images More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming The term rule out is used by mental health professionals who are trying to make an accurate diagnosis. The symptoms of many mental health conditions are similar or overlap so before a clear diagnosis can be made, clinicians must rule out a variety of other conditions.?? If your teen is having trouble concentrating, a therapist may want to rule out ADHD or PTSD. Or, if your teen seems depressed, a mental health professional may want to rule out bipolar disorder before making a depressive disorder diagnosis.   Figuring Out the Right Diagnosis Finding an accurate diagnosis for  troubled teens can be difficult and initially several possible mental health disorders  may seem to explain your teens emotional or behavioral problems.?? Because of this, the process of finding a correct diagnosis is conducted in a logical, step-by-step manner that considers all the possibilities, and then narrows them down to the diagnosis or diagnoses (sometimes more than one) that most closely match your teens symptoms. Getting the right diagnosis is extremely important in order to be able to successfully treat your teens symptoms. Its a mental health professionals job to use different methods to figure out exactly which disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual  (DSM-5) fits your teen best.  ?? Through this process, which is also used with medical conditions, the most accurate diagnosis is reached through a process of elimination. A clinician determines the best diagnosis by methodically discarding the ones that do not fit.   An Example of the Difficulty of Diagnosis Defiant behavior may be a symptom of several conditions, such as oppositional  defiant disorder,  depression, or substance abuse. But a little defiance may not necessarily signal a mental health issue. Oppositional behavior may also stem from past trauma or learned behavior from an unhealthy group of friends.  The mental health professional evaluating this teen is likely to say, “First we will rule out depression, then we will consider other possibilities.”?? Steps Mental Health Professionals Use to Rule Out Diagnoses Mental illnesses arent always cut and dried. Professionals dont simply use a checklist to arrive at a diagnosis. Instead, most conditions are diagnosed after a series of interviews where a clinician considers an individuals background and environment. This is important because symptoms need to be taken in context. For example, a teen who is misbehaving at school may be acting out because he has a learning disability or because hes bullied, not necessarily because he has a primary behavior disorder.?? The  mental health professional  will gather information about your teen. A thorough history is obtained and the clinician will consider information from a variety of sources, including the teen, parents, physician, and teachers.  A clinician may interview everyone or might provide forms to fill out.Substance abuse issues are considered. If there is substance abuse involved, the clinician needs to figure out to what degree your teens symptoms may be due to the substance abuse or if he is abusing the substance because of the psychiatric symptoms. Depression and anxiety disorders, for example, often increase a teens risk for substance abuse.Medical problems are considered. The next step is ruling out a medical condition as the cause of your teens psychiatric symptoms. For example, an untreated thyroid condition can cause depression.  Environmental issues are assessed. Sometimes, mental health issues stem from stressful life events. Past trauma or a recent change, such as moving to a ne w city, may temporarily cause problems for a teen.Psychiatric issues are considered. Mental health providers will use the DSM-5 to consider potential mental health disorders. Symptoms are compared and a clinician may establish a clear diagnosis.  The impact on your teens life is considered. A clinician will consider how much functioning is impaired. A clinician will evaluate whether your teens symptoms are impacting her life enough to warrant a diagnosis. Mild anxiety that doesnt impact a teens social life, education, or work may not meet the requirement for mental health diagnosis. How Mental Health Professionals Use the DSM Today How to Get Help For Your Teen If you suspect your teen may have a mental health condition, seek professional help. Start by talking to your teens physician. Express any concerns you have about your teens mood or behavior. Your teens physician may make a referral to a therapist, psychiatrist, or other mental health professional. A thorough assessment and evaluation can help a clinician rule out specific mental health conditions while also arriving at an accurate diagnosis if a diagnosis is warranted.

Life Span Development Essay - 1402 Words

Life Span Development and Personality Paper Pedro M. Perez PSY/300 June 26th, 2013 Dr. Andrews Life Span Development and Personality Paper Michael Joseph Jackson was born August 29, 1958-June 25, 2009. He was well known for being an recording artist, dancer, singer-songwriter and philanthropist. He was a famous icon for over four decades. Michael was the eighth child of the Jackson’s family and shared his fame as being one of the Jackson 5’s along with his brothers. He began his solo career in 1971 and was a music icon by the early 80’s. Looking at the story of his life I feel that his environment had more influence on his psychological†¦show more content†¦The most erotic behavior was when Michael decided to bleach his skin. Michael also was known for having a eating disorder. He admitted this himself when he admitted the pain from his father’s abuse. He suffered from bulimia at age seven. This followed him to adulthood where he was a very frail and weak adult. (Lauren, 2011). His stressful life and deprived childhood could be a cause for this disorder. There was a child mol estation case against Jackson with a 13 year old boy in which resulted in a drug addiction caused the bulimia to get worse. Michael’s body was skeletal and his body was extremely pail. It is not known as of yet if this disorder contributed to his death. The last disorder known to have been suffered by Michael is a sleep disorder. Some research has shown that a person that one with less than sufficient sleep is more prone to cause accidents. I can also be related to affecting relationships and mental prowess; it makes you feel â€Å"disconnected† from the world. When your lack of sleep is caused by a tough deadline or a common cold, one normally does not have any problems recovering a normal pattern, but if you have trouble sleeping on a regular basis, this guide to managing common sleep problems and disorders can help you be well on your way to experiencing healthy, restorative sleep. 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The United Nations Office On Drugs And Criminal Essay

The United Nations Office on Drugs and Criminal (UNODC) defines human trafficking as â€Å"the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs.†1 Given the definition, trafficking can be summarized as to having three basic elements – the act, the means, and the purpose. Acts include recruitment and transportation, means involves threat, deception, or fraud, while purpose is the end outcome of the victims f rom sex to physical labor.2 There are a number of factors which give rise to human trafficking. Some of these are unemployment and poverty among poor economic conditions and imbalances across areas, gender and ethnic discrimination, political issues especially corruption, as well as loosening of border controls, which has strong links to globalization. Upon a closer look, amidst other events such as the end of the Cold War and proliferation of black markets and illicit trade, globalization can be positivelyShow MoreRelatedThe United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Is Combating Drugs, Terrorism, and Criminal Activity529 Words   |  3 PagesThe United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is the unit of the United Nations (UN) charged with combating illicit drugs, terrorism, and other criminal activity. 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The act of human trafficking is highlighted as a criminalized activity according to the article 5 of the Trafficking in Persons Protocol set out by United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime. While Human Trafficking is generally attributed to the Less Developed Countries. This is because the socio economic dynamics along with weaker law and order situation provide a strong environment for this activity to take placeRead MoreCounterfeit Goods And The Global Market1590 Words   |  7 Pagesand health risks that this process produces. In the sale of counterfeit goods, criminals manage to bypass tax revenues, decrease employment opportunities, exploit labor through low wages, decrease company liability, and misuse ingredients in pharmaceuticals which ultimately lead to a variety of intellectual property violations.1 Ultimately, it is in the best interest of the public to identify the tactics used by criminals in an attempt to repudiate detection, all while compromising company securityRead More Crime Prevention Concepts and Theory, Such as Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (Cpted) and Other Such Preventative Programs.1713 Words   |  7 Pagesgoal desired by the agent and under criminal law. Causation: It is the ligament or nexus to the conduct with the result, which must be material. That link is what binds to the cause and effect, without which the latter can not attribute the cause. Subject Active, is the natural person who commits the crime, also called, delinquent or criminal agent. It will always be a natural person, irrespective of gender, age, (The minority gives rise to criminal responsibility), nationality and otherRead MoreThe Criminal Street Gang Activity Essay947 Words   |  4 PagesState of Florida (F.S.S. 874.03) defines a Criminal Street Gang as â€Å"means a formal or informal ongoing organization, association, or group that has as one of its primary activities the commission of criminal or delinquent acts, and that consists of three or more persons who have a common name or common identifying signs, colors, or symbols and have two or more members who, individually or collectively, engage in or have engaged in a pattern of criminal street gang activity† (Statutes ConstitutionRead MorePortugal s Criminal Justice System1440 Words   |  6 PagesIn the research on Portugal criminal justice system, it showed similarities and diffe rences with the United States criminal justice system. For example, these two nations have some of the same problems, however Portugal has abolished the death penalty. When I looked into the strengths and weakness of law enforcement, criminal procedures, courts, sentencing, and corrections I believe that the United States has a better form in handling these matters. So far there isn t a perfect system to manageRead MoreWrite a 700- to 1,050-Word Paper Describing a Single, Informal Learning Experience That Someone Could Have.1483 Words   |  6 PagesPerspectives Basement CJA/484 Lori Madison Globalization has caused massive opportunities for criminals to extend their business. Since the Cold War the global governance has failed to keep up with the pace of economic globalization. Economic globalization has opened up to trade, finance, travel, and communications. This is good for the United States as far as the economy is concerned. The criminal justice system has more crimes to deal with that expand beyond their borders because of globalization

Bullying media Free Essays

Our society functions under the assumption that certain individuals are more powerful than the others, thus, we have the play of powers in every human social interaction. The social strata of our country is an example that some individuals are more powerful than the rest. However power can either be a boon or bane to society depending upon how a person exercises his power. We will write a custom essay sample on Bullying media or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus we have come to conclude that power is good when it is used for the benefit of many (deontology) and it becomes bad when it is used to suppress the rights of others or to render harm to those who can’t oppose it. In schools where students are viewed as individuals of the same status, there are some who exhibit bullying as a way to show authority. This may include intentional physical assault, verbal abuse and other means that causes harm to others. It has become a phenomenon in schools around the world and may cause stress, fatigue, trauma, injury and etc (Einarsen, et. al. 2002). The media has helped to highlight such misdemeanor and much information has been disseminated for the benefit of the parents, schools and social workers. Some schools have made programs to identify the bully and the victim for them to provide counseling sessions for the bully and personality development for the victim. These anti-bullying policies were designed to teach bullies of conflict resolution, negotiation skills, and impulse control the victims were given support and protection. Though this program generally aims to stop bullying, an article written by Robin Grille tells us that these program simply punish the bullies and fails to address the root cause of the problem. Since the program segregates the bully and the bullied, we discriminate on the bully as though he was the root cause of the problem. We blame him for the trouble when in fact there is a gargantuan of factors that should be considered before pointing the finger at the bully. Perhaps an understated fact in our plight to address bullying is that there are certain factors that affect the behavior of all human beings. In the case of bullies, studies show that those who come from authoritarian parenting which often entails spanking and closed doors for explanation and negotiation either becomes the bully or the bullied (Baldry, 1998). This is because children’s differ in the way they react to environments wherein they are subjected to pain or rendered powerless. Studies show that only 43% of hospitalized children due to parental abuse consider themselves as abused children (Berger. Et al. 1998). The rest thinks that they deserve the punishment; in turn they simply try not to commit the same mistake again. To elucidate on that matter, children who thinks that the physical harm that they received was a worthy punishment for their wrongs has tendencies to be bullied or to become the bully. If a parent spanks a child for every wrong that he has done, he would think that for him to correct the wrong doings of others it is acceptable for him to physically hurt other too for them to learn their lesson. As a consequence, those who become the victims or the bullied may think that they deserve being bullied because they aren’t strong enough or they did not do something right. Thus, they begin to justify bullying simply because their parents bully them in their households. It is then evident that the bully and the victim aren’t the only ones to be blamed for such behavior. The environment in the household which is dominated by the parents has much to play in the bullying phenomenon. Researches shows that those who admit that they were physically abused by their parents and openly protest against the act has lesser chances of tolerating cruelties. Since these children already have the concept of the wrongness of the act, they won’t tolerate being bullied or to bully other children (Berger. Et al. 1998). Psychology dictates that children imitate adults especially their parents. The most basic example of imitation is how parents teach their children how to speak. First words such as mommy and daddy are to be repeated by adults over and over for the child to copy. Same goes with other skills such as walking, eating and etcetera. Thus, children learn from society by imitating. If a child is exposed in an environment that tolerates violence then the child will in turn learn how to be violent and considers it as a norm (Strassman, 2007). A bully or the victim is an indication that the family in which they came from tolerates bullying or similar forms of abuse, punishment, and cruelties. Furthermore, in a book written by Gayle Macklem it is said that household environment strongly affects a child’s behavior since this is where he first imitates his social skills. Simple teasing which can be a form of bullying often occurs at home as older sisters and brother or even the parents themselves. Teasing mostly happens at school and study shows that 39% of students in the 2nd grade admit that they respond in a hostile manner when they are teased (Macklem, 2003). Simple form of teasing between brothers can be resolved by parents easily but those who use authoritarian parenting often use power to stop teasing without even discussing the root cause of the problem. This is effective in preventing physical harm, however this does not stop the cause of the problem and similar teasing would eventually occur. The best way that parents should do is to discuss the cause and let their children speak their minds without the use of verbal abuse. This can lead to a resolution and will then teach children how to settle conflicts in peaceful means. However, since parents today have lesser time for their children given that both have to work to support the family, most parents don’t have the time to discuss with their children the importance of settling their fight. Perhaps the worst thing that parents do is to further instigate a fight by heating up the teasing between siblings. Families belonging to the lower class or those who live in areas that where violence is high often view teasing as entertainment and a harmless act between sibling. This can be true however; teasing can often render emotional stress to children. They either seek for vengeance or become meek and withdraw from the world. With teasing as the most basic example of how a bully is shaped in the household, it is evident that parental intervention is needed. Thus we come into a conclusion that bullies are simply children who where also bullied at home. This further supports the argument of Robin Grille that bullies should not be the ones to be blamed for their behavior hence, it’s the parents ho are to be blamed. For a school program against bullying to work, it is important that we address the main cause of the issue and not just the after effects. Sure we can teach the bully how to handle stress and other skills to resolve conflicts in means that do not include physical injury and verbal abuse, but this is not the best way to resolve the problem. Since the cause of bullying is rooted at home, we should look into the families and perhaps try to address the problem from the source. It is best for schools to include parents in the counseling sessions to address bullying at home rather than waste their efforts in transforming the bully into a harmless individual which will eventually become futile since we send the child back to the environment that shapes bullies. If we really want to address bullying then we must go to the root cause, and in that case, it is the family upon which the emotions of the child is first molded. Perhaps in this way we can directly pinpoint the source of the emotional distress in the child and the family. However one setback of this is that the school may find it difficult to contact parents and make them come to school for a scheduled interview. This is a tedious process and may require ample amount of time to properly get to the root cause. However if this country is really determined to stop bullying then these measures should be undertaken to make sure that school environments are safe for their children. This would in turn foster proper learning and better social skills for their children. Since society now place much value on emotional intelligence, we must make sure that our children is emotionally stable and that should start at home with their parents as the role models. Reference Baldry, AC Farrington DP (1998) Parenting Influences on Bullying and Victimisation Journal of Legal and Criminological Psychology Vol 3(2) pp. 237-254 Berger, A. et al (1988) The Self-Report of Punitive Childhood Experiences of Young Adults and Adolescents Child Abuse and Neglect Vol 12 pp. 251-262 Einarsen, S. et. al. (2002) Bullying an Emotional Abuse in the Workplace. London Strassman, J. (2007). How to Defuse Aggressive Behavior in Kids. Date accessed November 28, 2007. http://www. parenthood. com/articles. html? article_id=3833 Macklem, G. L. (2003) Bullying and Teasing: Social Power in child How to cite Bullying media, Papers

Live like youre dying free essay sample

What if you are going to die in a matter of minutes wouldn’t you value life more than you ever had? 2 ? years ago I was somewhere with my mom and I started to complain about everything in life, and then I said I wanted this and that. I kept going on and on until my mom stopped me she said â€Å"I should give thanks for everything I have in life and live like you were dying. Those words stuck with me ever since. What my mom said to me taught me how to live a better life then what I had before. A couple years back, my mom hadn’t just been my mom but she had become my best friend and I knew I could trust her. That’s just one of the things, and phrases my mom has given me. Ever since then I’ve been getting mad less, complaining less, less grumpy, and I think I calmed down a bit and by â€Å"bit† I mean a whole lot. We will write a custom essay sample on Live like youre dying or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I also found joy in many things that most people wouldn’t think of doing. It also taught me not to waste time on things that don’t matter. Life is too short to keep getting mad, worrying to much, complaining for everything, and fighting for the littlest things. I used to be a little trouble maker back in the day and I really didn’t care I always had to talk to the principal. Most people think that’s a waste of time I sure did, but I figured out you wouldn’t have to waste time if you don’t put yourself in that situation. Before I believed this I didn’t care much about a lot, yeah I cared about basic stuff but not other things that I didn’t seem to care about much till now. Now I care for things. I value life more for example I hurt a fruit fly and almost cried the interesting thing is that that was just a few months ago. I’m happier then before and I value things more. I changed and I started to believe in this because I wanted a better life. All my life I’ve ha many phrase said to me by my mother and my mom might already know this but she’s my hero and I love her. I know this will impact me in the future because I’ll be even better the more wisdom I acquire every day I’m alive. This I believe.

A Review of Luhrmanns Romeo ; Juliet Essay Example

A Review of Luhrmanns Romeo ; Juliet Essay ROMEO ; JULIET by Baz Luhrmann is a brilliant modern adaptation of the classic 16th century theatre tragedy, written by the most famous play-wright of all time, William Shakespeare. In this modern version of the 400 year-old classic, Romeo is a member of the Montague family and Juliet lives in the Capulet household. The two families have a long standing rivalry thats recently been circulated by violent actions maintained by Tybalt, Juliets cousin and Romeos sworn enemy. Tensions run high and immediately a shootout occurs between the rival gangs.Romeo and Juliet first meet at a Capulet party/ball where her parents are trying to arrange her marriage to Dave Paris, a relative of the Prince of Verona, but Juliet falls for Romeo at first sight. The two hit it off immediately and are soon secretly married by Father Laurence. An enlightened Romeo then wants a truce between the families, but this only infuriates Tybalt, who ends up killing Romeos friend Mercutio during a trivial fight. Thing s go from bad to worse for the young lovers as their uncertain future takes another turn for the worse when Romeo is banished for killing Tybalt, and by a twist of bad luck and timing, the teenage lovers meet an untimely death.This remarkably glossy film is set on the glamorous streets of Verona Beach, a sunny, flashy, American city skyline dominated by a gigantic statue of Christ and two towering skyscrapers housing the Montague and Capulet empires. The storyline opens with shots of street-rioting between the warring clans, creating the effect of almost an American/Mexican gangster movie, with slick suits, beach shirts, flash cars with personalised plates and guns firing with deadly accuracy. Ironically, all guns in the film are made by a company called Sword in an attempt to avoid clashing the original script with the modern theme of the film. The obvious attraction of a modern setting is that it can speak directly to a modern audience making it predictably popular with teenagers; however I feel at times Luhrmann goes a little over the top with the glossy theme and disturbs the intended motive of Shakespeares classic.Shortly after, Romeo and his loyal cronies Mercutio and Benvolio crash an evening party at the Capulet mansion in an act of true daring and defiance and it is there Romeo first lays eyes on Juliet, a vision of beauty. During this costume ball Luhrmann brings an array of sheer colour and glitter to the film, even before Romeo and Juliet share a scene. This mad frenzy of vibrant imagery is largely brought upon by the comical Mercutio (a black transvestite), who prances in scantily clad in a revealing outfit and soon proceeds in dancing wildly around the house. This vividly graphic scene is further illustrated by the dazzling Lady Capulet and her jovial husband Fulgencio Capulet, who are portrayed in the film as selfish, heavy-drinking drug takers, who seem more intent on throwing a glamorous party than being caring parents.Nonetheless, despite the adults being condemned for their lack of efficiency throughout the film, their very incompetence helps liven up the plot even further. This visual explosion, aided by the characters colourful costumes and brilliantly radiant strobe lighting effects launched by Luhrmann is played against a soundtrack varying from the up-tempo rock of Garbage to the classic compositions of Mozart, an example of the brilliant use of pathetic fallacy throughout ROMEO ; JULIET where the music and weather play a big part in determining the mood of the film.When Romeo and Juliet finally do meet, the wait seems worthwhile. The scene in which they first see each other, staring through a fish tank, is quite fascinating, as is Juliets dance with Paris when she is unable to take her eyes off Romeo, a scenario which anybody can relate to. Their connection is immediately registered, a convincing portrayal of love at first sight from the two actors, and DiCaprio and Danes share a sweet yet powerful chemistry. The way in which the two lovers attack the script adds more raw passion, as if both actors are discovering the language and the text for the first time. This integral scene in the film does well to maintain the intense romance for which ROMEO ; JULIET is famous for, whilst keeping the light-heartedness Luhrmann has tried to create throughout the film.Just a few days after the party, Romeo and Juliet are secretly married by the inept Father Laurence, but this predictably intensifies the rivalry between the two families like never before. This causes more uncontrollable street-fighting between the younger members of either family, and, following a series of deaths without a responsible adult figure in sight, Romeo flees from Verona and from a love that was destined to be written in the stars.In what seems like no time at all, the film reaches its gripping yet disappointing climax, with Romeo embracing what he believes to be a lifeless Juliet (thanks to more incompetence from Father Laure nce) before taking his own life through the consumption of poison. To dishearten viewers further, Juliet evidently wakes early but is powerless for a split second too long to stop Romeo from committing suicide. Minutes later, she shoots herself with his gun. The newsreader concludes this tragedy by reciting the famous lines of the Prince from the original script.On the whole, this is a very polished, well-made film, with a unique comic edge created by Luhrmann. ROMEO ; JULIET is an action-filled teen romance which also retains the tragic force of Shakespeares original play, and Luhrmann also manages to make Shakespeares words an integral part of his film, which is well delivered by the actors, though at times they appear to struggle managing such vocabulary at such a speed. It is clearly evident that Luhrmann has created an atmosphere where Romeo and Juliet are placed in a world in which order has completely broken down, where all adults seem too irresponsible and powerless, includi ng the Prince, to stop the violent rioting in the citys streets and can do little more than observe the chaos from a police helicopter.The way in which Luhrmann has taken the original tragedy and turned it into a comic, vibrant and futuristic film, whilst maintaining its real motive and using Shakespeares language so effectively is really quite special, and in many ways is the factor that makes it so appealing to teenagers. However, it is at times a little over the top and downright cheesy, for example the way the characters dress and the whole modern setting and mafia-like face-off at the beginning of the film, but all in all, it is a very entertaining film which makes Shakespeare more appealing and at times almost cool! A very unique and electrifying adaptation which in some ways appeals most to those who would not be interested in Shakespeare at all, which is quite an unusual yet refreshing way of recreating a William Shakespeare classic.

Oceanography as viewed from space essays

Oceanography as viewed from space essays At first thought, studying the oceans from space seems to be a bizarre idea. Space observation helps oceanographers do research with manned and unmanned space systems. The space systems can be satellites and/or space shuttles that observe various features of the ocean such as sea-surface winds, sea-surface temperatures, waves, ocean currents, frontal regions, and sea color. Technological advances have greatly improved the ability of oceanographers to gather and use information that is received. Oceanography as viewed from space has and will become more and more valuable as we begin to understand more of the world's oceans. Space oceanography uses a number of different sciences to research the oceans that include physics, geology, biology, chemistry, and engineering (Cracknell 13). This is evident in the projects that send satellites into space for observation of our oceans. In 1992, the Topex/Poseidon project was launched to observe the interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere (Cracknell 17). The Topex/Poseidon mission is to gather information about sea level heights and ocean currents (Cracknell 17). The Topex/Poseidon orbits above the earth at 840 miles and has a 10-day repeating cycle in which it takes pictures of all of the earth (Cracknell 17). Information about the how the sea level changes can tell scientists that there are changes in ocean currents and in climate patterns (Cracknell 25). This information is valuable to both oceanographers and meteorologists because it gives information about the phenomena, El Nino. Figure 1 is a picture of how the Topex/Poseidon works. The Topex/Poseidon receives information as to what it is supposed to do from a beacon on earth. The satellite then gathers the information it is supposed to gather and then sends it to the beacon on earth. The beacon on earth processes this information so that scientists can use it. As the Topex/Poseidon nears the end of observation new developments ...

Microtubules Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Microtubules - Essay Example aments, which demonstrate diverse turnover rates, are closely associated with actin binding proteins which differ, and it has been postulated that they determine the differences in turnover rates. This plasticity of the internal structure of the actins is responsible for the difference in filament turnover rates in different cellular locations. This is accomplished through direct control of the filament stability and through modulation of protein binding affecting the stability of the filaments (Kueha et al., 2008). These, therefore, are mechanoskelatal proteins which convert energy released by hydrolysis of ATP or from ion gradients and generate mechanical forces. The most important feature of these proteins that while they bind, they carry their own cargo, and hence movement at a specific direction of this protein as a result of microtubular shortening would result in movement of the cargo from one location to the other within the cell. This allows an avenue of movement of the cellular proteins to the target area where further chemical reaction may take place. Thus, this is an example of accessory protein which in association with the cellular microtubules can cause sliding movement between the microtubules that are adjacent and at the same time causes movement of the cytoplasmic particles along a single microtubule to its target (Gibbon, 1988). Recent studies on accessory proteins associated with microtubules demonstrate that cytosolic dyneins are associated with retrograde transmission of intraxonal vesicles within neural tissues, and the forward motion of such vesicles is effected by another accessory protein, namely, kinesins. At the same time, within the brain neural tissues accessory proteins have been located which vary in molecular weights and binding... This essay focuses on the discussion of the microtubules, that on the molecular level comprise of tubulin molecules, which in turn are a heterodimer comprising of globular polypeptides, alpha and beta tubulin which are closely related and tightly linked. Many cellular functions are controlled by these microtubules which essentially are mediated through polymerisation and depolymerisation, which are controlled by nucleotide GTP. Following synthesis, there are molecular rearrangements within these microtubules are stabilized with accessory proteins, which are specific for particular tubulin. In this assignment from different cellular examples, these interactions between the specific accessory proteins and the microtubule molecular structure will be examined in order to describe the structures and functions of these specific accessory proteins. It has been demonstrated in the essay, that within the cell, there is continuous modification of microtubules which is conferred through a proce ss of binding to other proteins. These are known as microtubule associated proteins or accessory proteins. The two main roles that these microtubule-accessory protein complexes perform are stabilization of the microtubular molecular structure against disassembly and more importantly mediation of their interactions with other components of the cell. The most significant and ubiquitous protein associated are ATPases which transduce energy also known as microtubule motor proteins which induce a sliding between adjacent microtubules.

Administration Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 4

Administration - Assignment Example Failure to secure the payroll records and data can pilot identify theft, public relations problems and government fines. 2. How substantiation procedures guarantee that an employee’s claim for an allowance is substantiated: Employees must provide substantiated information and records to claim their allowances. The key principle fundamental expense substantiation is that to subtract work expenses; the employee needs to substantiate them by acquiring written proof of the expense. The records of written proof or substance provide evidence of spent finances. They provide prove that the expense was incurred and required reimbursement. The substantiation procedures ensure that the employee provides documentation for the expenses incurred to ensure proper auditing and limit frauds (Revenue Service 2009). 3. Records related to payroll management: Every organization must keep employee payroll information to include records and data. The payroll records include the employee name and address, social security number, pay rates; total wages earned, deductions and net pay, bank account details and employee benefits like health insurance premiums and retirement contributions. The payroll management must keep these data and records for duration of three years before making any alterations unless otherwise stated or at the request of the employee (Revenue Service 2009). 4. Key Items that required calculating an employee’s gross pay: Gross pay of an employee is the total amount of money paid before taxes or before other deductions is subtracted from the total remuneration. The gross pay includes basic remuneration, allowances, compensation for services including overtime pay, bonuses, commissions and any other amounts deemed payable by the employer that are found in the personnel appointment data. In addition, the gross pay includes interests, rents, royalties, alimony, annuities and pensions found in the bank statements of the employee (Revenue Service

Globalization and how business is redefined

Globalization and how business is redefined PART 1 Project objectives and overall research approach 1.1. The reasons for choosing project topic area and choosing the particular organisation as a focus of research work 1.1.1. Reasons for choosing the project topic A phenomenal development in the concept of globalisation has been observed over the last couple of decades. Globalisation can be explained as a multidimensional concept that is expressed through several ways by many theorists. The significance of globalisation cannot be denied hence it has increasingly gained ever- growing supremacy that in the modern businesses today. Due to the increasing significance, need and requirement of globalisation to be adapted by organisations / and businesses, the author of this report is particularly interested in further exploring the concept of globalisation in context to financial institution such as Barclays Bank plc. The author also understands that globalisation had been explained with various perceptions where as parameters of the concept are hard to define because of several factors influencing the conceptualisation of globalisation. For example, the political, environmental, social, technological, legal etc. factors influence how firms globalis e and operate their businesses. Therefore, this research study is also interested in identifying a valid explanation of globalisation that must be adapted along with the subsequent practices. In addition, it has also been observed that globalisation brings in new challenges and transformations that must be adapted by businesses in context to new risks and opportunities at the same time. Therefore an important question that emerges here is that how does globalisation influence on an organisational capacity of defining its business. In order to explore and examine these questions pertaining to and dimensions of the concept of globalisation, the author chooses the subject of globalisation to be explored in context of UK financial sector. 1.1.2. Reasons for choosing Barclays Plc. Due to the global economic recession, the most affected business sector has been the financial sector. As evident, the recent economic recession claims high influence on the banking sector of the world. The after effects are established leaving the stakeholders of the global banking industry with high concerns such as whether or not the returns on their investments made into the financial sector and specifically financial institutions will be returned. Secondly, stakeholders are also equally concerned with business challenges faced by financial institutions such as Barclays plc. These challenges have been observed as loss of customers, high employee redundancy, loss of market share, loss of global supremacy of the bank in the global financial sector and so on. It has been further observed by analysts that these challenges are a result of misconduct of US Federal reserves (Protchard, 2008). According to the bank these challenges are likely to result in increasing inflation affecting t he financial assets of the bank and financial sector. The increasing challenges thus claims immeasurable influence with an increasing deteriorating circumstances leading the stakeholders in a grey area concerning the future of the bank and investments made by the stakeholders in the bank. Summing up the challenges, this research study aims to explore and identify the effect of globalisation on the bank in context to the challenges while redefining its business. The particular reason for choosing Barclays Bank plc is that it is one of the leading banks across the globe that has been successfully adapting globalisation long before other businesses had realised the opportunities to globalise their business operations. Secondly it is also intended to assess that how does a global giant redefines its business in order to address the challenges posed by globalisation. This particular bank has also been chosen because it operates in the global financial sector that has been immensely affected by the global economic recession. 1.1.2.1. Introduction to Barclays Plc. Barclays Bank plc is one of the major global banks that have been providing financial products and services in commercial, and investment banking and retail banking for over a period of 300 years. It is listed on New York and London stock market, whilst operating in 50 countries across the globe including United States, Asia, Africa and Europe. Employing 156,000 people across the globe and serving 48 million customers, the bank has developed its to business clusters that are: a) Commercial Banking and Global Retail and b) Investment Management and Investment Banking. These business clusters are made up of world-class financial and businesses brand portfolio. During the worst period of recession i.e. 2008, the bank announced a profit of  £ 6.1 billion before tax (Barclays plc Sustainability Review report, 2008). The bank is headquartered in the UK and is called as Group Centre facilitating functional operations (Group.Barclays.Com, 2009). 1.2. Research objectives and research questions This paper aims to discuss tasks of defining an organisation mission influenced by globalisation. The objectives of this study are: 1.2.1. To identify globalisation influencing on how firm redefine its business. 1.2.2. With in the same context, what remains compelling now and what must be adapted and 1.2.3. Why redefining business mission and subsequent practices is significant and must be adapted. 1.2.4. To make recommendations. The research questions are: 1.2.5. What is globalisation and how does it affect the businesses in redefining their business? 1.2.6. What factors are influential upon managements decision on redefining businesses due to globalisation? 1.3. Overall research approach and research framework developed to address the project objectives and research questions The overall research approach (Walsh and Wigens, 2003) that has been adapted by this study is explained as: a) identify research subject, b) obtain and review contextual / background information of the subject, c) identify research questions, d) define research strategy, e) identify the process and techniques of collecting data, f) carry out pilot study, g) analyse and interpret data, and h) draft research report. The data sources used for the purpose of this study are primary and secondary, where as the research strategy is the case study and survey strategy. Deductive approach of logical reasoning has also been implied along with using qualitative data analysis techniques. The research study has been underpinned by appropriate theories. PART 2 Information gathering and business techniques The data and information that has been collected concerns the subject of globalisation and its impact on the business operations of Barclays bank plc. The primary and secondary data sources enabled the researcher to collect information regarding impact of globalisation on business operations of the bank. The researcher also concentrates on evaluating current business operations of the bank by means of using three business research tools, which are Porters value chain analysis model (Katisioludes, 2006), Porters five forces analysis model (Ahlstrom and Bruton, 2009), and Porters model for competitive advantage (Porter, 1998). Utilization of these business tools directed the research study towards making analysis and evaluation of the current business global practices adapted by Barclays bank plc. Once the process of analysis and evaluation is completed, the generated information was drawn to identify those factors that influence business operations in context of globalisation as well as impact of globalisation on the bank. This information has been further used to recognize and determine the need to redefine the business mission and subsequent strategies and practices. The last step was to make recommendations through which the bank can possibly address to the changing needs of the global market specifically customers and stakeholders. 2.1. The chosen business techniques 2.1.1. Sources of information The research data has been obtained from primary and secondary sources. Primary data source is formed of survey research study that has been carried out for the purpose of this specific study. In addition to primary research data surces, secondary data sources are formed of academic books, research journal articles, online newspapers, company published reports, independent reports published by organisations such as Datamonitor etc. 2.1.2. Description of the methods used to collect information, including online access 2.1.2.1. The data has been collected through implying two research tools i.e. a) survey research questionnaires and b) using and reviewing secondary sources to obtain background information regarding the context of subject of globalisation and Barclays Bank plc. The survey questionnaires are designed as open-ended and semi- structured in order to draw in-depth analysis concerning the participants experiences, viewpoints and opinions along with addressing the research questions. The strength of survey questionnaires lies in drawing out perceptive responses, exceptional characteristic and contradictory (if any) views of the participants. Secondly survey research method also draws out interpretive standpoint of the survey participants (Mack and Woodsong, 2005; Marshall and Rossman, 2006). This technique of primary data collection is cost-effective and efficient. The primary data was collected through a self-administered e-mail platform and the survey participants were randomly selected. An estimated number of hundred employees of Barclays Bank plc were contacted and invited through e-mails to participate in the survey research study. The purpose, objectives and outcomes of the survey research were explained. Only 35 of these contacted employees replied positively, demonstrating their interest and commitment in participating in the survey research. A pilot study was first conducted through inviting 10 respondents. The comments and feedback (explaining the validity and viability of questions, ease of understanding the questions, possible interpretations of the questions by the participants etc.) of these respondents were valuable in reforming the final survey questionnaire. Once the final questionnaire was designed, it was sent to all survey participants through e-mail. The respondents were provided with a period of four weeks to fill in the questionnaires and return it to the researchers provided e-mail address. 2.1.2.2. The secondary data was collected through reviewing research journal articles accessible through databases such as Emerald, Sage Journals, Informaworld, ScienceDirect, Willey Science, Datamonitor etc. Secondary data was also collected through reviewing reports published by Barclays Bank plc, along with reviewing online newspapers. The data was reviewed and analysed to extract valuable information concerning the subject. 2.1.3. Research limitations while gathering information While collecting the information certain limitations have been encountered by the researcher such as possibility of biased reviews regarding the organisational performance of the bank that is likely to mislead the researcher while forming opinions. Secondly while carrying out the primary research, it is expected that the survey participants may be influenced by certain factors that can affect the quality and validity of their replies. Lastly the researcher aimed to contact at least 75 employees in order to draw significant research findings, however due to limited survey population it is expected that the research findings and analysis may not be viable due to the fact that sample population may not represent the actual population. Drawing on these limitations, it is expected that the data validity can be challenged. 2.1.4. Identification of any ethical issues that arose during information gathering and how such issues are resolved While carrying out the primary research, researcher was particularly focused towards maintaining the integrity of the collected data. This means that all the data and information collected as a result of primary research must be protected against any misuse of information. For example the research explained the survey participants that the collected data will only be used for the identified purpose and objectives. In order to maintain the researchers claim, it is crucial that the data stays with the researcher where as the name, contact details such as email addresses etc. of survey participants are kept confidential. The data integrity has also been maintained which means that data has been interpreted and analyzed through avoiding any biased views of the researcher towards the studied organisation and collected data. Secondly, while referring to the secondary data collected for the purpose of this study, the researcher was particularly focused towards ensuring that all the previous research studies used for this study are appropriately and sufficiently referenced, credited and acknowledged. For this reason, the researcher ensured that all the data provided by previous researchers have been appropriately referred and acknowledged. For that reason, this report is free of plagiarism, where as all the previous research studies have been appropriately referenced and credited. 2.1.5. An explanation of business techniques that have been used, including a discussion of their limitations. The business research techniques that have been used for this research study are case study and survey strategies, qualitative data analysis techniques and deductive approach of logical reasoning. 2.1.5.1. The case study strategy is explained as strategy of carrying out research including practical examination and analysis of a specific contemporary phenomenon as explained within its real-life business scenarios through implication of multiple sources of data validation (Robson, 2002). The limitation of this strategy is to draw perceptive meaning out of the collected data that can vary from researcher to researcher. The perception of the data can also be influenced by the context of the research subject (Yin, 2004). The survey research strategy is explained as carrying out survey research by means of involving a sample of population to answer provided questions. The limitation of this strategy is that the researcher is solely dependent upon the data provided by the survey participants, hence the research findings and analysis is a result of data provided by the participants that may not be validated if required. 2.1.5.2. The data analysis technique adapted by this research study is qualitative data analysis technique. The qualitative technique enables the researcher to determine information that is extracted according to the constructivist perspective or participatory perspective or even both. Constructivist perspective has been explained as research built upon several interpretations of various understandings collected by the researcher with an ambition of establishing a theory or research pattern. On the other hand, participatory perspective has been explained as constructing upon issue- related, change oriented or combined perspectives (Creswell, 2003). This research study adapts the constructivist perspective of data analysis technique. The limitations of this technique experienced by the researcher are a) difficulty in making structured comparisons while analyzing and interpreting data, b) process of data analysis is dependent upon the skills of the researcher, c) time-consuming process and d) relatively less easy to generalise the data. 2.1.5.3. In addition to above technique, deductive approach of logical reasoning has been implied by this study. This approach is directly associated with research environment. Deductive approach of logical reasoning has been utilised by means of using following pattern: a) making observations, b) observing research patterns, c) testing hypothesis and d) testing the theory involved (Miles and Huberman, 1994; Cooper and Schindler, 2006). The limitation of this approach as experienced by the researcher is that conclusions are made based on assumptions drawn through empirical evidences that can be different within the context of different research environments. PART 3 Results, analysis, conclusions and recommendations 3.1. A description of the results that have obtained and any limitations This section of the report aims to present all the collected data and information, based upon which, analysis and research findings have been presented in the following section. This section identifies global challenges faced by the bank while operating globally. Upon identifying these challenges, the adapted practices of the bank are examined in redefining its global business mission resulting in subsequent strategies and practices. The limitations faced during the data collection and data analysis process are same as identified in the previous section of this report. 3.1.1. Challenges faced by Barclays Bank plc as a result of globalisation Globalisation has been explained as a multi- faceted phenomenon carrying different viewpoints as has been realised by the review of the literature (e.g. Rapley, 2004; Meffert and Bloch, 1991). This means that the dynamic nature of the phenomenon is likely to raise challenges such as global warming, carrying out ethical business, addressing social responsibility issues, paying back to the communities where the business operates and so on. These challenges were not known about 50 years ago before the advent of globalisation. Similarly, even though Barclays Bank plc has been increasingly expanding its global business, nevertheless the aforementioned issues increasingly and continually keep challenge the bank. In addition, other economical challenges such as poverty and taking strategic steps to combat poverty require competent economic policies to be adapted that supports the business policies at the same time (Fischer, 2003). Therefore, Barclays is increasingly challenged to not only d eliver business performance excellence but it is also challenged to serve back the communities by means of addressing issues such as fighting poverty with in the communities where it is operating. Secondly the economic challenge faced by the bank is addressing to the issues of credit crunch. The recessed economy restricts economic development of countries where it is currently operation. As a result of which, management has to take decisions such as job redundancies. For that reason it is argued that despite of the fact that globalisation fosters equality, the results of integration of global economy, and the consequences of flow of capital across national boundaries is likely to threaten the global financial structure of the economies (Fischer 2003; Lloyd and Demos 2001; Baldwin and Winters 2004). Another issue that is faced by the bank is technological advancement, which is considered to be a dominant driver for the changes experienced by the bank in the due course of process of globalisation (Mulgan, 2007). The same researcher states that those organisations which were household names with in last 20 years time of time period, are now web- based organisations with established and fundamental fears that Internet could further advance into more commercialised and develop in to inaccessible commodity then it can be realised today (Mulgan, 2007). Upon identifying these challenges, the researcher now aims to examine the business operations of the bank in context to creating its value chain and competitive advantage. This identification leads the researcher towards assessing how the effect of global age, and globalisation resulted in defining the business mission and subsequent strategies and practices by Barclays Bank plc. In context with the above challenges faced by the bank due to adaption of globalisation as a fundamental business need, the research study now aims to analyse and evaluate current value chain of the bank and industrial competitive forces in order to identify how these challenges influence the redefinition of business mission and subsequent strategic practices of the bank. 3.1.2. Implying the value chain analysis as proposed by Porter (Katsioloudes, 2006), following findings and analysis has been presented. The data of Barclays Bank has been extracted from Barclays Bank PLC Sustainability Review (2008) and primary data collected through survey research questionnaires (see appendix 1). 3.1.2.1. Inbound logistics Suppliers of the bank are required to attend to challenges such as supply chain risks, business integrity, human rights and environmental issues so that a sustainable supply chain steering group can be established that will be accountable to improve business processes, tools and techniques along with addressing training and development needs of its employees as well as supply chain partners in order to operate successfully in the global market. 3.1.2.2. Operations The UK and the European business operations of the bank equalized operational carbon emissions as well as reduced energy consumption per employee by a rate of 2.1 per cent. The same carbon operations had been executed and practiced across the global operations by the end of year 2009. Secondly the bank demonstrates its commitment to stabilize economies those extending beyond its own operations and procurement strategies so that a distinguished role of the bank can be recognised in developing long-term relationship with its customers and stakeholders. 3.1.2.3. Outbound logistics The bank capitalizes on the advantages laid by new regulations on the banking and financial sector to secure a handful of distributors. Previously, the bank was connected to one provider and regulated by the legislative requirements, however today it is tied to 6 distributors such as fund managers, life insurance and so forth. 3.1.2.4. Marketing and sales The bank has been observed and reported to be supporting small and medium enterprises in the UK even though the local economy had been under financial distress that resulted in an increment of 6 per cent in its lending to the small and medium enterprises. In context of its global operations, the bank also announced and executed a debt repair line for South African customers who were facing financial difficulties. Further on with an ambition of attending to the changing customer needs and demands, the bank has been increasingly observed and reported to be developing its customer relationship along with investing in innovation and technologically enabled and advance services and products. Customer relationship have been improved through implying customer relationship management practices, however drawing on the collected data, such practices needs to be further developed and improved. 3.1.2.5. Services Due to innovative products and services offered by the bank during the recessed economic situation, the bank reported an improvement in its financial records. For example during the year 2008, more than 57,000 employees of the bank were engaged in volunteering and fundraising activities with a purpose of serving the community such as collecting donations for charitable causes. In addition to this, the market share of the banks mortgage lending also increased from 8 per cent to 36 per cent, whereas the income rate of the bank also increased up to  £ 23.1 billion by the end of year 2008. As suggested by the value chain analysis model, the above strategic system obtains further support through business infrastructure of the bank that has been assessed below: (Data source: Group.Barclays.com, 2009; Primary research see appendix 1) 3.1.2.6. The infrastructure The bank has also been reported to form partnerships and alliances with micro-finance firms, technical providers, local charities and government so that the needs and demands of its customers and stakeholders can be addressed. The bank also cultivates a performance- base management system supported by organisational culture that regulates and facilitates target- oriented performances to be delivered by the employees and subsequently the bank. 3.1.2.7. Human Resource Management The bank also practices diversity (cultural, ethnical and gender- based) while recruiting employees across the globe, solely based upon their talents. Secondly, the hard efforts and good performances of employees are rewarded and recognised. Most importantly the bank reports that women fill 25 per cent of senior managerial positions. This proportion has increased from 2 per cent from year 2007 up to 25 per cent during the financial year 2008. An estimated number of hundred and fifty three thousand employees are employed by the bank across the globe. Most importantly the bank claims to practice work- based diversity. 3.1.2.8. Technological development The bank employs technology- based equipment in order to generate clean energy, reducing gas and carbon emissions along with reducing use of electricity and water. In order to further reduce the consumption of paper, it offers mobile banking services in India, UK etc. In South Africa, the bank offers services and products that help government welfare beneficiaries to obtain inclusion in the financial system. 3.1.2.9. Procurement Barclays Bank plc also adapts to industrial best practices in supply chain monitoring in order to evaluate supply chain verification along with deploying tools and techniques that are aligned with adapted business strategies. The supply chain stretches across 50 countries where the bank operates. The strategic intent is to employ competent supply chain management practices so that the strategic and long-term business benefits can be obtained. 3.1.3. Upon assessing the value chain of the bank, their researcher and now aims to examine five competitive forces responsible for redefining business strategies. In order to do so Porters (1998) tool of assessing five competitive forces have been implied: 3.1.3.1. The force of threats of new entrants has been evaluated at a moderate level because the bank obtains its increased share of 36 per cent mortgage market in 2008, which is an increase from just 8 per cent market share in the financial year 2007. The bank had also obtained higher customer satisfaction rate in the UK raising from 64 per cent in 2007 to 67 per cent in 2008. Nevertheless, the bank also demonstrates increasing potential to bring this force to minimum because of the strategic practices it has adapted such as business diversity, employee diversity, environmental consumption, inclusive banking and strategic supply chain management initiatives. 3.1.3.2. The industrial force of bargaining power of suppliers has been evaluated to be low due to the banks policy of development and deployment of supply chain through carrying out strict screening policies so that the business vision of the suppliers are in line with the business vision of the bank. It has also been observed that because of its dominant market presence, strategic market positioning along with banks investments made into developing its supply chain, Barclays is privileged to be the first choice of suppliers thus making this force low. 3.1.3.3. The bargaining power of buyers has been evaluated to be at a modest level because buyers have other substitutes (banks, and financial institutions etc.) to attend to their banking needs. These needs can also be addressed by the competitors such as ABN Amro, Lloyds TSB, Royal Bank of Scotland, Standard Chartered and so on. It has also been assessed that this force can be lowered through banks continued commitment towards addressing customer demands and conducting ethical business. 3.1.3.4. The threats of substitutes have been evaluated as low because of the distressed economic situation that makes it intricate for the substitutes entering into new markets that are regulated by cash starved economy. On the other hand, emerging economic nations such as Brazil, Russia, China and India could be a potential market for substitutes that are likely to promise positive results. This can induce competition for the bank with in the emerging / and developing economies. 3.1.3.5. The industrial force of market rivalry among the financial organisations has been evaluated as extremely high because of the volatile banking sector resulting from mergers and business acquisitions, business alliances etc. that had been recently experienced by banking giants such as HBOS and Lehman Bros. In addition to this, the global economic distressed situation increases rivalry among financial institutions, services and products that are offered in the market since they are closely associated with economic conditions and interest rates, governed by the individual governments. 3.2. A critical analysis / evaluation of results including an explanation of significant research findings 3.2.1. Competitive advantage of Barclays Bank plc as a result of redefined business mission, strategies and practices Utilisation of competitive advantage model as proposed by Porter (table 3.1) while evaluating the banks competitive advantage demonstrates that the bank keeps an ambition of producing innovative and unique products and services by means of using innovative and technologically enabled organisational resources. In addition the organisation resources and subsequent competitive advantage that has been achieved by the bank adds value to the business by means of the adapted practices of supply chain management (section 3.1.2). Along with, the bank also provides inclusive banking services and products. Inclusive banking has been explained as â€Å"helping those who are excluded from the financial system to join and benefit from it† through opening 1.77 million accounts for low-income customers (Barclays Bank PLC Sustainability Review 2008, p12). The bank also concentrates to exercise ‘sustainability strategy by means of demonstrating its commitment towards stabilizing and devel oping those economies where the bank operates. In addition the bank also concentrates on carrying out ethical business (such as reducing water gas and electricity usage, lowering down carbon emission, making communal investments, practicing diversity at work etc.). In particular the bank has also been observed as developing relationships with its stakeholders (employees, customers, shareholders, supply chain partners, business creditors and investors, community etc.) Conclusively the competitive advantage of the bank has been assessed as to differentiation and focused according to the Porters model of competitive advantage as illustrated in the table below. Table 3. 1. Porters model for competitive advantage Competitive advantage Low cost Differentiation Competitive scope Broad target Cost leadership Differentiation Competitive scope Narrow target Cost focus Differentiation focus 3.2.2.   Drawing on the above analysis and evaluation, following factors have been identified that influences the redefinition of business mission and subsequent strategies and practices: 3.2.2.1. The globa